| AWM Table: | Bridges |
| Attribute: | Abutment Type |
| Purpose: | To classify the structural form of abutments used to support the ends of bridges, helping guide inspection, maintenance, and future design choices. |
| Value | Description | Photo Example |
|---|---|---|
| Diaphragm wall | Diaphragm walls are employed in the construction of bridge abutments to provide stable support for the bridge deck and resist lateral earth pressures. |  |
| Reinforced Earth | Reinforced earth is also known as Mechanically Stabilised Earth (MSE). This technique combines soil with artificial reinforcing elements to create strong, stable structures such as retaining walls. |  |
| Gabions | A gabion abutment is a support or structure built from a gabion, which is a basket or cage of wire mesh filled with rocks or earth. Gabions are used to protect the soil around bridges, abutment slopes, and bridge piers. |  |
| Pile bent | They consist of a group of piles. Piles are cylindrical-shaped elements driven or drilled in the ground and connected at their top with a cap to allow the bridge superstructure to be supported on seats. Above ground, pile bent abutments look like spill through abutments. |  |
| Solid wall | A solid wall abutment is a solid wall that extends from its foundation, and is often used in bridge construction. |  |
| Spill through | Spill-through abutments comprise an abutment column (a standard-stub column) at the end of an unconfined earth-fill embankment. |  |
| Other | An abutment type that does not fit into the listed categories. This may include custom, experimental, or combined designs not commonly used. | |
| Unknown | The type of abutment has not been recorded, or there is not enough information available to determine it. |
